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BIOTECHNOLOGY: Science for the New Millennium
by Ellyn Daugherty
*** Ellyn Daugherty receives the First National Biotechnology Teacher-Leader Award ***
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Biotechnology: Science for the New Millennium

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Be a Part of the Biotechnology Revolution

To The Student


Imagine a world where babies are born without defects, criminals are identified within minutes, diseases are identified and treated right in your own home, and there is enough food to feed everyone. The makings of a science fiction novel you might say, but this "fiction" is closer than you think. Every day new advances in the field of biotechnology bring the possibilities of curing disease, wiping out hunger, and improving the quality of life for all people closer to a reality. Some say we are undergoing a biotechnology revolution where the discoveries and products made are revolutionizing the way we live.

Now, imagine being a part of this revolution. Imagine working on a team that constructs a vaccine for the HIV virus, which causes AIDS. Imagine working in a company that produces a high-protein peanut which can be grown in drought conditions in third-world countries. Imagine being in the laboratory that develops a bacterium, which digests petroleum from oil spills. Imagine the sense of accomplishment and gratification you'd feel as a contributor to these breakthroughs. Imagine how you can help improve the quality of life for your friends and family.

You can be part of the Biotechnology Revolution. Thousands of employees are needed to staff the hundreds of new biotech companies starting up every year. These fledgling companies need scientists and lab technicians to complete research and development on potential products. They also need workers to perform manufacturing and packaging. Since testing has to be done on all products, employees are needed to design, run, and document these tests. Companies also require nonscientific support staff including those in marketing, finance, and law. Human Resource specialists are needed to ensure that employees are well compensated. Public Relations people and those in Corporate Communications keep the public informed about product development and keep employees aware of recent news on related items.

Whether you aspire to work in a lab, on research and development, or a career in the financial or business end of biotechnology there is a surplus of jobs to entice people of all interests. No matter what your position, be it entry-level or Vice-President, when a product is released that you have had some part in developing, a wonderful feeling of satisfaction arises.

The purpose of this text is to provide the reader with an introduction to the many skills necessary to work in the field of biotechnology. The emphasis lies in the areas of research and production. No matter where an individual's interest lies, or what position an employee has (science or business), understanding the tools and techniques of basic biotechnology research will result in greater ability to work effectively on a team, bringing a profit-making product to market.

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Biotechnology:
Science for the New Millennium, First Edition

  
[
Jump to Lab Manual Table of Contents] [Text TOC PDF]
  
Table of Contents

Chapter 1

What is Biotechnology?

Chapter 2

The Raw Materials of Biotechnology

Chapter 3

Basic Skills of the Biotechnology Workplace

Chapter 4

Introduction to the Study of DNA Molecules

Chapter 5

Introduction to the Study of Protein Molecules

Chapter 6

Finding a Potential Biotechnology Product

Chapter 7

Spectrophotometers and Assays for Biotechnology Products

Chapter 8

Modeling the Production of a Biotechnology Product

Chapter 9

Bringing a Biotechnology Product to Market

Chapter 10

Introduction to Plant Biotechnology

Chapter 11

Biotechnology in Agriculture

Chapter 12

Biotechnology in Medicine

Chapter 13

Making DNA Molecules

Chapter 14

Advanced Biotechnology Techniques

  

Chapter 1

What is Biotechnology?

1.1

What is Biotechnology?

1.2

Doing Biotechnology: Scientific Methodology in a Research Facility

1.3

The Variety of Biotechnology Products

1.4

How Companies Pick Potential Products

1.5

Who does Biotechnology? Careers in the Biotechnology Industry

1.6

Biotechnology with a Conscience - Bioethics

Chapter 2

The Raw Materials of Biotechnology

2.1

The Raw Materials of Biotechnology

2.2

Cellular Organization and Processes

2.3

The Molecules of Cells

2.4

The "New" Biotechnology - Manipulating Molecules

Chapter 3

Basic Skills of the Biotechnology Workplace

3.1

Measuring Instruments in a Biotechnology Facility

3.2

Making Solutions

3.3

Solutions of a Given Mass/Volume Concentration

3.4

Solutions of a Given % Mass/Volume Concentration

3.5

Solutions of Differing Molar Concentrations

3.6

Dilutions of Concentrated Solutions

Chapter 4

Introduction to the Studying of DNA Molecules

4.1

DNA Structure and Function

4.2

Sources of DNA

4.3

Isolating and Manipulating DNA

4.4

Using Gel Electrophoresis to Study Molecules

Chapter 5

Introduction to the Studying of Protein Molecules

5.1

The Structure and Function of Proteins

5.2

The Production of Proteins

5.3

Enzymes: Protein Catalysts

5.4

Studying Proteins

5.5

Why Study Proteins?

Chapter 6

Finding a Potential Biotechnology Product

6.1

Sources of Potential Products

6.2

The Use of Assays

6.3

Looking for Products in Nature

6.4

Studying Plant Proteins as Possible Products

6.5

Producing rDNA Protein Products

Chapter 7

Spectrophotometers and Assays for Biotechnology Products

7.1

Using the Spectrophotometer to Detect Molecules

7.2

roduction to pH

7.3

Buffers

7.4

Using the Spectrophotometers to Measure Protein Concentration

Chapter 8

Modeling the Production of a Biotechnology Product

8.1

Producing a Genetically Engineered Product

8.2

Transforming Cells

8.3

After Transformation

8.4

Fermentation, Manufacturing, and GMP

8.5

Retrieving Plasmids after Transformation

Chapter 9

Bringing a Biotechnology Product to Market

9.1

Harvesting a Protein Product

9.2

Using Chromatography to Study and Separate Molecules

9.3

Column Chromatography

9.4

Product Quality Control

9.5

Marketing and Sales

Chapter 10

Introduction to Plant Biotechnology

10.1

Introduction to Plant Propagation

10.2

Basic Plant Anatomy

10.3

Plant Growth, Structure, and Function

10.4

Introduction to Plant Breeding

10.5

Statistical Analysis of Data

Chapter 11

Biotechnology in Agriculture

11.1

Cloning Plants

11.2

Cloning by Plant Tissue Culture

11.3

New Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Horticulture

11.4

Isolating DNA from Plant Cells

Chapter 12

Biotechnology in Medicine

12.1

Drug Discovery

12.2

Creating Pharmaceuticals through Combinatorial Chemistry

12.3

Creating Pharmaceutical through Peptide or DNA Synthesis

12.4

Creating Pharmaceutical by Protein/Antibody Engineering

Chapter 13

Making DNA Molecules

13.1

Making DNA Molecules - DNA Synthesis

13.2

DNA Synthesis Products

13.3

Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR

13.4

Applications of PCR Technology

Chapter 14

Advanced Biotechnology Topics

14.1

Advanced DNA Topics - DNA Sequencing

14.2

Advanced DNA Studies - Genomics

14.3

Advanced Protein Studies

14.4

Other Advances in Biotechnology

   
[
Top of Page] [Top of Textbook Table of Contents]

   
Biotechnology:
Science for the New Millennium, First Edition
Lab Manual Table of Contents
  
[
Lab Manual TOC PDF]
  

To the Student: Be a Part of the Biotechnology Revolution

  

Chapter 1       Introduction to Biotechnology Methodologies

1a

How to Set Up a Legal Scientific Notebook/Documentation

1b

Lab Safety/Inventory of the Biotechnology Laboratory

1c

The Evolution of Cheese Production

  

Chapter 2       Basic Biology for the Biotechnician

2a

Dissecting a Cell and Examining its Components

2b

The Characteristics of Model Organisms

2c

Using a Compound Light Microscope to Study Cells

2d

Making Microscopic Measurements

2e

Variations in the Structure and Properties of Carbohydrates

2f

How Molecular Structure Is Affected by Environmental Change

  

Chapter 3       Basic Chemistry for the Biotechnician

3a

Measuring Small Volumes in Biotech

3b

Measuring Very Small Volumes in Biotech

3c

Measuring Mass

3c.1

Metric Instrument and Conversion Review Sheet

3d

Checking the Accuracy of a Micropipet Using a Balance

3e

Making Solutions of Differing Mass/Volume Concentrations

3e.1

Making Solutions Review Sheet #1

3f

Making Solutions of Differing % Mass/Volume Concentrations

3f.1

Making Solutions Review Sheet #2

3g

Making Solutions of Differing Molar Concentrations

3g.1

Making Solutions Review Sheet #3

3g.2

Making Solutions Review Sheet #4

3h

Making Dilutions of Concentrated Solutions

  

Chapter 4       DNA Isolation and Analysis

4a

Making Solutions for DNA Isolation

4b

Pulling DNA out of Solutions/DNA Spooling

4c

Testing for the Presence of DNA, RNA, and Protein in DNA Extracts

4d

EtBr Dot Test - A Quick Test for DNA in Samples

4e

Making Media for Bacteria Cell Culture (Media Prep)

4f

Sterile Technique and Pouring Plates

4g

Bacteria Cell Culture

4h

DNA Extraction from Bacteria

4i

Making Agarose Gels

4j

Using Gel Electrophoresis to Study DNA Molecules

  

Chapter 5       Protein Isolation and Analysis

5a

The Specificity of Antibody Proteins

5b

The Action of Enzymes on Juice Production

5c

Developing an Assay for Protease Activity

5d

Testing for the Presence of Protein in Solution

5e

Preparing Proteins for Analysis by Vertical Gel Electrophoresis

5f

Characterizing Proteins by PAGE

5g

Separating and Identifying Proteins via SDS-PAGE

  

Chapter 6       Assay Development

6a

How Do You Know When You Have Amylase? (Experimental Design)

6b

Assaying for Starch and Sugar

6c

Assaying for Amylase Activity

6d

Testing Plant Substances as Potential Medicines

6e

Searching for Native Amylase-Producing Bacteria

6f

Isolating Horseradish Peroxidase from Radish Root

6g

Testing for Peroxidase Activity using TMB

  

Chapter 7       Using the Spectrophotometer for Protein Assays

7a

Learning to Use the Spectrophotometer

7b

Using the Spectrophotometer to Study Molecules

7c

Measuring the pH of Different Solutions

7d

Making an Appropriate Buffer for Protein Storage and Activity

7e

Demonstration of Buffer Efficacy

7f

Using the Spectrophotometer to Study the Protein, Amylase

7g

Determining the Concentration of Amylase in Solution

7h

Comparing Assay Techniques - BCA vs Bradford

7i

Using the UV Spec to Study Colorless Proteins

  

Chapter 8       Recombinant Protein Production

8a

Restriction Analysis of the Lambda Phage DNA Sequence

8b

Restriction Digestion to Verify the pAmylase Plasmid

8c

Transformation of E. coli with pAmylase

8d

Growing and Monitoring Bacterial Cultures

8e

Scaling-Up E. coli Cultures for Amylase Production

8f

Mini Preparation of pAmy Using Lysozyme Digestion

8g

Alkaline Cell Lysis Mini Preparation of pAmyase

  

Chapter 9       Protein Product Purification and Analysis

9a

Harvesting Amylase from Broth Culture

9b

Dialysis of Proteins into Different Buffers

9c

Using Ion-Exchange Chromatography to Separate Proteins

9d

Using Ion-Exchange Chromatography to Purify Amylase from Scale-up Broth

9e

Identification of Amylase after Column Chromatography using PAGE

  

Chapter 10      Plant Breeding

10a

Flower Morphology/Dissection

10b

Seed Morphology/Dissection

10c

Seed Germination Lab - Which Came First?

10d

Plant Breeding Practice Crosses Worksheet

10e

Wisconsin Fast Plant Breeding - A Model Organism for Breeding

10f

How Can You Tell if Data is Good Enough?

  

Chapter 11      Plant Cloning

11a

Asexual Plant Propagation through Leaf and Stem Cuttings

11b

Asexual Plant Propagation through Runners

11c

The Effect of Hormone Concentration on Propagation

11d

Cloning African Violets

11e

Using Hydroponics to Improve Fertilizers

11f

Developing an Extraction Protocol for Spoolable DNA from Plant Cells

11g

Using Commercial Kits for DNA Extractions from Cells

11h

Determining the Presence of DNA in Spinach Extractions

11i

Determining the Purity and Concentration of DNA

11j

Transformation of Arabidopsis

11k

Confirmation of Plant Genetic Engineering through PCR

  

Chapter 12      Obtaining Molecules of Pharmaceutical Interest